Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

it's such a bore

  • 1 bore

    A prétbear.
    B n
    1 ( person) raseur /-euse m/f ; wine/cricket bore raseur qui ne parle que de vin/de cricket ; he's such a bore quel raseur ;
    2 ( situation) barbe f ; what a bore! quelle barbe! ; it's an awful bore having to wait quelle barbe de devoir attendre ;
    3 ( also borehole) trou m de forage ;
    4 ( diameter) (of gun barrel, pipe) calibre m ; small-bore rifle carabine f de petit calibre ; 12-bore shotgun fusil m de calibre 12 ;
    5 ( wave) mascaret m.
    C vtr
    1 ( annoy) ennuyer (with avec) ;
    2 ( drill) [person, machine, insect] percer [hole] ; creuser [well, tunnel].
    D vi to bore into/through [person, machine, insect] forer dans/à travers ; her eyes bored into me elle me perçait de son regard.
    to bore sb stiff ou to death ou to tears faire mourir qn d'ennui ; to bore the pants off sb faire mourir qn d'ennui.

    Big English-French dictionary > bore

  • 2 bore

    bore [bɔ:(r)]
    1 pt of bear
    2 noun
    (a) (person) raseur(euse) m,f; (event, thing) ennui m, corvée f;
    what a bore she is! ce qu'elle peut être lassante ou fatigante!;
    visiting them is such a bore! quelle barbe de leur rendre visite!;
    homework is a real bore! quelle corvée, les devoirs!;
    the film was a bit of a bore le film était un peu ennuyeux
    (b) Building industry (from drilling) trou m de sonde; Technology alésage m
    (c) Technology (diameter of gun, tube) calibre m;
    a twelve-bore shotgun un fusil de calibre douze
    (d) (tidal flood) mascaret m
    (e) Mining (hole) trou m de sonde, sondage m, forage m
    (a) (tire) ennuyer;
    familiar housework bores me stiff or to tears or to death or rigid or out of my mind faire le ménage m'ennuie à mourir;
    familiar he bores the pants off me il me barbe profondément;
    I won't bore you with the details je vous passe les détails
    (b) Technology (drill → hole) percer; (→ well) forer, creuser; (→ tunnel) creuser; (→ cylinder) aléser
    forer, sonder;
    to bore through sth percer qch;
    they're boring for coal ils forent pour extraire du charbon, ils recherchent du charbon par forage;
    figurative I felt his eyes boring into me je sentais son regard me transpercer

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > bore

  • 3 bore

    bo:
    past tense; = bear I
    bore1 n
    1. pesado / pelmazo / plomo
    he's such a bore! ¡qué plomo es!
    2. aburrimiento / lata / rollo / tostón
    what a bore! ¡vaya lata!
    bore2 vb
    bore3 vb
    1. aburrir
    2. taladrar / perforar / agujerear
    tr[bɔːSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 (of gun) ánima, alma; (calibre) calibre nombre masculino
    2 (hole) taladro
    1 (perforate) perforar, taladrar, horadar
    1 perforar, taladrar, horadar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to bore a hole in barrenar, abrir un agujero en
    ————————
    tr[bɔːSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 (person) pelmazo,-a, pesado,-a, plasta nombre masulino o femenino; (thing) lata, rollo, tostón nombre masculino
    what a bore! ¡vaya lata!
    don't be such a bore! ¡no seas tan plasta!
    1 aburrir, fastidiar
    ————————
    tr[bɔːSMALLr/SMALL]
    1→ link=bear bear{
    bore ['bor] vt, bored ; boring
    1) pierce: taladrar, perforar
    to bore metals: taladrar metales
    2) open: hacer, abrir
    to bore a tunnel: abrir un túnel
    3) weary: aburrir
    bore n
    1) : pesado m, -da f (persona aburrida)
    2) tediousness: pesadez f, lo aburrido
    3) diameter: calibre m
    n.
    ánima s.f. (Of a rifle, etc.)
    n.
    calibre s.m.
    n.
    alma (Ropa) s.f.
    cócora s.f.
    embeleco s.m.
    lata s.f.
    lavativo s.m.
    majadero, -era s.m.,f.
    patoso s.m.
    pelmazo s.m.
    porra s.f.
    postema s.f.
    taladro s.m.
    tostón s.m.
    verruga* s.f.
    pret.
    (Preterito definido de "to bear") (s.o.) stiff
    expr.
    aburrir mortalmente expr.
    v.
    barrenar v.
    v.
    aborrecer v.
    aburrir v.
    amolar v.
    aplastar v.
    atediar v.
    carcomer v.
    empalagar v.
    fastidiar v.
    hartar v.
    hastiar v.
    horadar v.
    machacar v.
    perforar v.
    remoler v.
    taladrar v.

    I bɔːr, bɔː(r)
    II
    1.
    1) \<\<shaft/tunnel\>\> hacer*, abrir*
    2) ( weary) aburrir

    2.
    vi perforar, taladrar

    III
    1) ( person) pesado, -da m,f (fam), pelmazo m (fam), plomo m (fam); ( thing) aburrimiento m, pesadez f (fam), lata f (fam)
    2) (of cylinder, gun barrel) calibre m

    12-bore shotgun — (BrE) escopeta f de calibre 12


    I [bɔː(r)]
    1. N
    1) (=tool) taladro m, barrena f ; (Geol) sonda f
    2) (also: bore hole) perforación f
    3) (=diameter) agujero m, barreno m ; [of gun] calibre m ; [of cylinder] alesaje m
    2.
    VT [+ hole, tunnel] hacer, perforar

    to bore a hole inhacer or perforar un agujero en

    wood bored by insectsmadera f carcomida

    3.
    VI

    II [bɔː(r)]
    1. N
    1) (=person) pesado(-a) m / f, pelmazo(-a) * m / f

    what a bore he is! — ¡qué hombre más pesado!, ¡es más pesado que el plomo! *

    2) (=event, task) lata * f

    it's such a borees una lata *, es un rollo (Sp) *

    what a bore! — ¡qué lata! *, ¡qué rollo! (Sp) *

    2.

    to be bored, get bored — aburrirse

    he's bored to death or tears, he's bored stiff *está aburrido como una ostra *, está muerto de aburrimiento


    III
    [bɔː(r)]
    PT of bear II, 1., 1)
    IV
    [bɔː(r)]
    N (=tidal wave) marea f
    * * *

    I [bɔːr, bɔː(r)]
    II
    1.
    1) \<\<shaft/tunnel\>\> hacer*, abrir*
    2) ( weary) aburrir

    2.
    vi perforar, taladrar

    III
    1) ( person) pesado, -da m,f (fam), pelmazo m (fam), plomo m (fam); ( thing) aburrimiento m, pesadez f (fam), lata f (fam)
    2) (of cylinder, gun barrel) calibre m

    12-bore shotgun — (BrE) escopeta f de calibre 12

    English-spanish dictionary > bore

  • 4 bore

    I [bɔː(r)] II [bɔː(r)] III [bɔː(r)]
    ••

    to bore sb. stiff o to death o to tears — annoiare a morte qcn

    IV [bɔː(r)]
    1) (anche borehole) foro m.
    2) (of gun barrel, pipe) calibro m.
    V 1. [bɔː(r)] 2.

    to bore into o through (per)forare; her eyes bored into me — mi penetrò con lo sguardo

    VI [bɔː(r)]
    nome (wave) mascheretto m.
    * * *
    [bo:]
    past tense; = bear I
    * * *
    bore (1) /bɔ:(r)/
    n.
    1 foro; pozzo ( per trovare acqua, ecc.)
    2 (mecc.) camera cilindrica; diametro interno ( di tubo, ecc.)
    3 (autom.) alesaggio ( diametro di un cilindro di motore): bore gauge, calibro di alesaggio
    ● (mil.) bore diameter, calibro □ (ind. min.) bore-hole, pozzo di trivellazione.
    bore (2) /bɔ:(r)/
    n.
    1 persona noiosa; seccatore; scocciatore
    2 noia; barba (fam.).
    bore (3) /bɔ:(r)/
    n. [u]
    bore (4) /bɔ:(r)/
    pass. di to bear (1).
    (to) bore (1) /bɔ:(r)/
    A v. t.
    1 forare; perforare; trivellare; scavare: to bore a hole, fare (o praticare) un foro; Oil wells are made by boring the ground, i pozzi petroliferi si scavano trivellando il terreno; A new tunnel will be bored under the Alps, si scaverà una nuova galleria sotto le Alpi
    2 (mecc.) alesare; barenare
    B v. i.
    1 perforarsi: Soft materials bore easily, i materiali teneri sono facili a perforarsi
    2 farsi largo; spingersi avanti
    to bore for oil, fare trivellazioni in cerca di petrolio □ ( di un tarlo) to bore into the wood, forare il legno □ to bore one's way, aprirsi un varco; farsi largo ( tra la folla).
    ♦ (to) bore (2) /bɔ:(r)/
    v. t.
    tediare; annoiare: to bore to death (o to tears) annoiare a morte.
    * * *
    I [bɔː(r)] II [bɔː(r)] III [bɔː(r)]
    ••

    to bore sb. stiff o to death o to tears — annoiare a morte qcn

    IV [bɔː(r)]
    1) (anche borehole) foro m.
    2) (of gun barrel, pipe) calibro m.
    V 1. [bɔː(r)] 2.

    to bore into o through (per)forare; her eyes bored into me — mi penetrò con lo sguardo

    VI [bɔː(r)]
    nome (wave) mascheretto m.

    English-Italian dictionary > bore

  • 5 bore

    I 1. transitive verb
    (make hole in) bohren
    2. intransitive verb
    (drill) bohren ( for nach)
    3. noun
    1) (of firearm, engine cylinder) Bohrung, die; (of tube, pipe) Innendurchmesser, der
    2) (calibre) Kaliber, das
    II 1. noun

    it's a real borees ist wirklich ärgerlich

    2) (dull person) Langweiler, der (ugs. abwertend)
    2. transitive verb
    (weary) langweilen

    bore somebody to death or to tears — (coll.) jemanden zu Tode langweilen

    III
    see academic.ru/5992/bear">bear II
    * * *
    [bo:]
    past tense; = bear I
    * * *
    bore1
    [bɔ:ʳ, AM bɔ:r]
    n Flutwelle f
    the Severn \bore die Severn-Flutwelle
    bore2
    [bɔ:ʳ, AM bɔ:r]
    bore3
    [bɔ:ʳ, AM bɔ:r]
    I. n
    1. (thing) langweilige Sache
    what a \bore wie langweilig
    2. (person) Langweiler(in) m(f)
    a crashing \bore BRIT ein furchtbarer Langweiler/eine furchtbare Langweilerin
    II. vt
    to \bore sb [with sth] jdn [mit etw dat] langweilen
    to \bore sb to death [or to tears] ( fig) jdn zu Tode langweilen
    bore4
    [bɔ:ʳ, AM bɔ:r]
    I. n
    1. ( spec: of pipe) Innendurchmesser m
    2. (calibre) Kaliber nt
    a small-\bore shotgun ein kleinkalibriges Gewehr
    3. (hole) Bohrloch nt
    II. vt
    to \bore sth etw bohren
    to \bore a hole in sth ein Loch in etw akk bohren
    III. vi
    to \bore through [or into] sth etw durchbohren; ( fig)
    her eyes \bored into me ihre Augen durchbohrten mich
    * * *
    I [bɔː(r)]
    1. vt
    hole, well, tunnel bohren; rock durchbohren
    2. vi
    bohren ( for nach)
    3. n
    (of shotgun, cannon) Kaliber nt II
    1. n
    1) (= person) Langweiler m

    what a bore he is! — das ist ein Langweiler!, der kann einen langweilen or anöden (inf)

    the club/office bore — der Langweiler vom Dienst

    2)

    (= thing, profession, situation etc) to be a bore — langweilig sein

    3)

    (= nuisance) don't be a bore —

    he's a bore, he never wants... — er ist eine Plage, er will nie...

    it's such a bore having to go —

    2. vt
    langweilen

    to bore sb stiff or to death or to tears, to bore the pants off sb (inf)jdn zu Tode langweilen

    to be/get bored — sich langweilen

    I'm bored — mir ist es langweilig, ich langweile mich

    he is bored with his job/her — seine Arbeit/sie langweilt ihn

    he was bored with reading/life — er war des Lesens/Lebens überdrüssig (geh), er hatte das Lesen/Leben über

    III pret IV
    n
    (= tidal wave) Flutwelle f
    * * *
    bore1 [bɔː(r); US auch ˈbəʊər]
    A s
    1. TECH Bohrung f:
    a) Bohrloch n
    b) Innendurchmesser m
    2. Bergbau: Bohr-, Schieß-, Sprengloch n
    3. MIL, TECH Bohrung f, Seele f, Kaliber n (eines Gewehrlaufs etc)
    4. GEOL Ausflussöffnung f (eines Geysirs)
    B v/t
    1. ( besonders aus)bohren, durchbohren:
    bore a well einen Brunnen bohren
    2. durchdringen, sich durchbohren durch:
    bore one’s way sich (mühsam) einen Weg bahnen ( into in dat od akk; through durch)
    3. SPORT umg einen anderen Läufer, ein anderes Rennpferd abdrängen
    C v/i
    1. bohren, Bohrungen machen, (Bergbau) schürfen ( for nach)
    2. TECH
    a) (bei Holz) (ins Volle) bohren
    b) (bei Metall) (aus-, auf)bohren
    3. fig durch- oder vordringen, sich einen Weg bahnen ( beide:
    to bis, zu, nach), sich (hinein)bohren ( into in akk)
    bore2 [bɔː(r); US auch ˈbəʊər]
    A s
    1. a) langweilige oder stumpfsinnige oder fade Sache:
    the book is a bore to read das Buch ist langweilig
    b) besonders Br umg unangenehme oder lästige Sache:
    what a bore! wie ärgerlich!;
    it’s a bore having to do it again es ist ärgerlich, es noch einmal tun zu müssen
    2. a) Langweiler(in), fader Kerl
    b) besonders Br umg lästiger Kerl:
    he’s a real bore der geht einem ganz schön auf die Nerven
    B v/t
    1. langweilen:
    bore sb to death ( oder stiff, to tears) umg j-n‚zu Tode langweilen;
    I was bored stiff by his speech seine Rede hat mich zu Tode gelangweilt;
    be ( oder feel) bored sich langweilen, Lang(e)weile haben;
    I’m getting bored with ( oder of) the subject das Thema fängt an, mich zu langweilen;
    the bored expression on his face sein gelangweilter Gesichtsausdruck; pants 1
    2. besonders Br umg jemandem lästig sein oder auf die Nerven gehen
    bore3 [bɔː(r); US auch ˈbəʊər] s Springflut f, Flutwelle f
    bore4 [bɔː(r); US auch ˈbəʊər] prät von bear1
    * * *
    I 1. transitive verb 2. intransitive verb
    (drill) bohren ( for nach)
    3. noun
    1) (of firearm, engine cylinder) Bohrung, die; (of tube, pipe) Innendurchmesser, der
    2) (calibre) Kaliber, das
    II 1. noun
    2) (dull person) Langweiler, der (ugs. abwertend)
    2. transitive verb
    (weary) langweilen

    I'm bored — ich langweile mich; ich habe Langeweile

    bore somebody to death or to tears — (coll.) jemanden zu Tode langweilen

    III
    see bear II
    * * *
    n.
    Bohrung -en f. (into, through) v.
    sich bohren (in, durch) v. v.
    langweilen v.

    English-german dictionary > bore

  • 6 bore

    n infml esp BrE
    1)
    2)

    He's a bore, he never can make up his mind — С ним не соскучишься - он никогда не знает, что ему хочется

    The new dictionary of modern spoken language > bore

  • 7 bore

    I.
    bore1 [bɔ:r]
       a. [person] to be bored s'ennuyer
    to bore sb stiff or to death pomper l'air à qn (inf)
       b. [+ hole, tunnel] percer
       c. [+ rock] forer
    2. noun
       a. ( = person) raseur (inf) m, - euse f, casse-pieds (inf) mf inv
    he's such a bore! ce qu'il peut être raseur ! (inf)
       b. ( = annoyance) (old-fashioned: inf) corvée f
    II.
    bore2 [bɔ:r]
    * * *
    [bɔː(r)] 1. 2.
    1) ( person) raseur (colloq)/-euse m/f
    2) ( situation)
    3) (also borehole) trou m de forage
    4) (of gun barrel, pipe) calibre m

    12-bore shotgunfusil m de calibre 12

    3.
    1) ( annoy) ennuyer
    2) ( drill) percer [hole]; creuser [well, tunnel]
    4.

    to bore into/through — forer dans/à travers

    ••

    to bore somebody stiff ou to death ou to tears — faire mourir quelqu'un d'ennui

    English-French dictionary > bore

  • 8 bore

    N
    1. उबानेवाला
    Don't be such a bore!
    --------
    N
    1. ज्वार\boreकी\boreऊँची\boreलहर
    Many persons died due to sudden bore in the sea.
    --------
    N
    1. बन्दूक\boreकी\boreनली
    His father always carries twelve-bore shotgun.
    --------
    V
    1. छेद\boreकरना\boreया\boreभेदना
    They have to bore a tunnel through a mountain.
    --------
    V
    1. जी\boreउबाना
    I hope you are not getting bored listening to me.

    English-Hindi dictionary > bore

  • 9 can't you stop him stringing along - he is such a dreadful bore

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > can't you stop him stringing along - he is such a dreadful bore

  • 10 pelma

    pelma
    I adjetivo annoying, boring: ¡no seas pelma!, don't be such a bore
    II mf pain in the neck ' pelma' also found in these entries: Spanish: campeonato - machacón - machacona English: bore - boring

    English-spanish dictionary > pelma

  • 11 bear

    {bεə}
    I. 1. v (bore borne, born) born се ynomребява само в passive voice на значение, когато не следва предлогът by
    she was born in 1967
    a son was born to him роди му се син, но
    a son borne by his first wife син, роден от първата му жена
    she has borne him two sons тя му роди двама сина, нося. понасям. разнасям, пренасям
    to BEAR responsibility отговарям, нося отговорност
    to BEAR the costs поемам разноските
    2. раждам, нося. давам
    to BEAR fruit раждам/давам плод, прен. давам резулта, успявам
    3. нося, показвам, соча, имам, давам, предлагам
    to BEAR the traces/signs of нося следите/белезите на
    to BEAR resemblance to имам прилика с, наподобявам, приличам на
    to BEAR false witness давам лъжливи показания
    to BEAR someone company правя компания на някого
    4. поддържам, подпирам, нося (тежест и пр.)
    5. издържам, нося, понасям, търпя
    I can't BEAR his complacency не мога да понасям самодоволството му
    there is no BEARing with him той e нетърпим
    the ice won't BEAR such weight ледът няма да издържи такава тежест
    6. питая, храня, тая, запазвам
    to BEAR in mind помня, имам предвид, не забравям
    to BEAR someone a grudge държа карез/имам зъб на някого
    7. refl държа се, нося се
    she bore herself with dignity тя се държа достойно
    he BEARs himself like a soldier той се държи като войник
    8. допускам, търпя
    the accident BEARs no explanation злополуката не може да се обясни
    9. оказвам влияние/натиск
    10. движа се, насочвам се, държа курс, завивам, свивам, отклонявам се, отбивам се
    the ship bore due west корабът държеше курс право на запад
    the road BEARs to the right пътят се отклонява надясно
    11. намирам се, разположен съм, лежа, простирам се
    the land bore north of the sea сушата се простираше на север от морето
    12. подхождам, подобавам
    his words don't BEAR repeating не бих могъл да повторя думите му (не са за пред хора), to BEAR one's age не ми личат годините, младея
    bear away спечелвам, получавам (награда и пр.), bear down упражнявам натиск, събарям, преодолявам
    to BEAR down upon спущам се/връхлетявам върху
    bear off спечелвам (награди), мор. отклонявам се, оттеглям се
    bear on имам връзка с/отношение към/влияние върху, тежа на, потискам, гнетя
    grief bore heavily on her скръбта я гнетеше
    bear out потвърждавам, подкрепям
    bear up държа се, не падам духом, не се отчайвам
    bear upon bear on
    bear with търпелив съм към, изтърпявам
    II. 1. мечка (Ursus)
    2. Great/Little BEAR астр. Голямата/Малката мечка
    3. недодялан/навъсен/груб човек
    4. борсов спекулант
    like a BEAR with a sore head рaзг. сърдит, ядосан, раздразнителен
    to play the BEAR обръщам всичко наопаки, рискувам безсмислено, разрушавам, съсипвам
    III. 1. спекулирам в очакване да спаднат цените
    2. предизвиквам понижение на цената (нa акции и пр.)
    * * *
    {bЁъ} v (bore {bъ:}; borne, born {bъ:n}); (born се ynomребя(2) n 1. мечка (Ursus); 2. Great/Little B. астр. Голямата/Мал{3} v борс. 1. спекулирам в очакване да спаднат цените; 2. пр
    * * *
    понасям; раждам; допускам; издържам; нося;
    * * *
    1. 1 намирам се, разположен съм, лежа, простирам се 2. 1 подхождам, подобавам 3. a son borne by his first wife син, роден от първата му жена 4. a son was born to him роди му се син, но 5. bear away спечелвам, получавам (награда и пр.), bear down упражнявам натиск, събарям, преодолявам 6. bear off спечелвам (награди), мор. отклонявам се, оттеглям се 7. bear on имам връзка с/отношение към/влияние върху, тежа на, потискам, гнетя 8. bear out потвърждавам, подкрепям 9. bear up държа се, не падам духом, не се отчайвам 10. bear upon bear on 11. bear with търпелив съм към, изтърпявам 12. great/little bear астр. Голямата/Малката мечка 13. grief bore heavily on her скръбта я гнетеше 14. he bears himself like a soldier той се държи като войник 15. his words don't bear repeating не бих могъл да повторя думите му (не са за пред хора), to bear one's age не ми личат годините, младея 16. i can't bear his complacency не мога да понасям самодоволството му 17. i. v (bore borne, born) born се ynomребява само в passive voice на значение, когато не следва предлогът by 18. ii. мечка (ursus) 19. iii. спекулирам в очакване да спаднат цените 20. like a bear with a sore head рaзг. сърдит, ядосан, раздразнителен 21. refl държа се, нося се 22. she bore herself with dignity тя се държа достойно 23. she has borne him two sons тя му роди двама сина, нося. понасям. разнасям, пренасям 24. she was born in 1967 25. the accident bears no explanation злополуката не може да се обясни 26. the ice won't bear such weight ледът няма да издържи такава тежест 27. the land bore north of the sea сушата се простираше на север от морето 28. the road bears to the right пътят се отклонява надясно 29. the ship bore due west корабът държеше курс право на запад 30. there is no bearing with him той e нетърпим 31. to bear down upon спущам се/връхлетявам върху 32. to bear false witness давам лъжливи показания 33. to bear fruit раждам/давам плод, прен. давам резулта, успявам 34. to bear in mind помня, имам предвид, не забравям 35. to bear resemblance to имам прилика с, наподобявам, приличам на 36. to bear responsibility отговарям, нося отговорност 37. to bear someone a grudge държа карез/имам зъб на някого 38. to bear someone company правя компания на някого 39. to bear the costs поемам разноските 40. to bear the traces/signs of нося следите/белезите на 41. to play the bear обръщам всичко наопаки, рискувам безсмислено, разрушавам, съсипвам 42. борсов спекулант 43. движа се, насочвам се, държа курс, завивам, свивам, отклонявам се, отбивам се 44. допускам, търпя 45. издържам, нося, понасям, търпя 46. недодялан/навъсен/груб човек 47. нося, показвам, соча, имам, давам, предлагам 48. оказвам влияние/натиск 49. питая, храня, тая, запазвам 50. поддържам, подпирам, нося (тежест и пр.) 51. предизвиквам понижение на цената (на акции и пр.) 52. раждам, нося. давам
    * * *
    bear[bɛə] v ( bore[bɔ:]; borne, born[bɔ:n]) 1. нося (обикн. прен.); rifle-\bearing soldiers войници, въоръжени с пушки; to \bear the cost поемам разноските; to \bear no resemblance to нямам нищо общо с, не може да се сравнява с; 2. раждам, добивам ( дете) ( нар.), давам живот (pp born); 3. поддържам, подпирам; нося; the ice \bears ледът е достатъчно здрав (за ходене по него); 4. издържам на, понасям, изтърпявам, изтрайвам; (и с with) търпя; to \bear the misery понасям несгодите; there is no \bearing ( with) him той е непоносим; 5. питая, храня, чувствам, изпитвам, усещам; to \bear in mind имам предвид; to \bear ill will злонамерен съм; to \bear s.o. malice храня лоши чувства към някого; 6. държа се, отнасям се, постъпвам; нося се; she \bears herself well тя се държи добре; 7. допускам, предполагам, смятам, подозирам; the accident \bears two explanations произшествието може да се обясни по два начина; 8. движа се, насочвам се, държа курс; the ship \bears due west корабът държи курс точно на запад; to bring influence ( pressure) to \bear упражнявам влияние, използвам натиск; to bring computer science to \bear on a problem използвам компютърната наука за разрешаване на проблем; to \bear the brunt of s.th. понасям най-лошите последствия от нещо; to \bear a hand помагам; to \bear comparison издържам сравнение, мога да се сравня (с); to \bear witness ( testimony) свидетелствам, удостоверявам, потвърждавам, давам показания; to \bear o.'s age well изглеждам по-млад от годините си, не ми личат годините, младея; this story doesn't \bear repeating този разказ не е за повтаряне (не е за пред хора); the relation which price \bears to profit отношението на цената към печалбата; II. n 1. мечка, мечок; grizzly \bear гризли, американска сива мечка Ursus horribilis; polar \bear бяла мечка, полярна мечка Ursus maritimus; to take a \bear by the tooth прен. излагам се безцелно (неразумно) на опасност; like a \bear with a sore head сърдит, кисел, раздразнителен; 2. спекулант, който се ръководи в сделките си от очакване за спадане на цените; 3. астр. Great B. Голямата мечка; Little B. Малката мечка; 4. некултурен (груб) човек, невежа, нецивилизован, неук; III. v 1. спекулирам в очакване на спадане на цените; 2. опитвам се да понижа цената на.

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > bear

  • 12 bear

    1. I
    1) the ice bears лед держит, по льду можно ходить, лед крепкий
    2) usually with can; it was more than she could bear Этого она [уже] вынести /выдержать/ не могла. Это было выше ее сил
    3) she is unable to bear она не может иметь детей; these peach-trees are not going to bear Эти персиковые деревья не будут плодоносить
    2. II
    1) bear at some time the tree bears every year (every other year, once in seven years, etc.) Это дерево плодоносит каждый год и т. д.
    2) bear in some direction naut. bear north (south, east, etc.) лежать /быть расположенным/ к северу и т. д.; the land bore due north земля лежала прямо /точно/ к северу
    3) bear in some manner bear hard нажимать, надавливать
    3. III
    1) bear smth., smb. bear a heavy load (a suitcase, the baggage, a large parcel, a banner, a sleeping child, etc.) нести тяжелый груз и т. д.
    2) bear smth., smb. bear the weight of a large trunk (an elephant, a heavy man, etc.) выдерживать вес большого сундука и т. д.; this plank /board/ will not bear your weight эта доска не выдержит вашей тяжести; the ice is too thin to bear the weight of the horse лед слишком тонок, чтобы выдержать лошадь; this bridge does not bear more than 10 tons Этот мост рассчитан не больше, чем /только/ на десять тонн
    3) bear smb., smth. usually with can, especially in the negative or interrogative I can't bear this man (the sight of him, this noise, such scenes, the odour, that perfume, etc.) [я] не выношу /терпеть не могу/ Этого человека и т. д; she couldn't bear his condescending manner она не выносила его манеру говорить или обращаться с ней свысока; how could he bear the idea /the thought/ of it? как он мог даже подумать об этом?;
    4) bear smth. bear responsibility нести ответственность; bear the cost (the expense) оплачивать стоимость (расходы); I am willing to bear all the expenses я согласен (поднести любые расходы; bear losses нести потери, терпеть ущерб; bear the burden взвалить на себя [всю] тяжесть; bear the brunt принять на себя /выдержать/ главный удар (неприятеля)
    5) bear smth. usually with can, especially in the negative or interrogative will he bear the strain (the test)? выдержит ли он это напряжение (испытание)?; he couldn't bear the humiliation он не мог вынести /пережить/ Этого унижения
    6) bear smth. bear the marks /the signs, the traces/ of blows (of wounds, of punishment, of ill-treatment, of tears, etc.) носить следы побоев и т. д.; this document bears your signature на этом документе стоит ваша подпись; this note bears your name Эта записка адресована вам; this letter bears no date на этом письме нет даты; the envelope bears traces of having been tampered with на конверте имеются /видны/ следы того, что его вскрывали; а monument bearing an inscription памятник с надписью
    7) bear smth. bear a sword (a revolver, etc.) носить шпагу и т. д.; bear the sceptre (the marshal's staff) носить скипетр (маршальский жезл); all men who can bear arms все мужчины, способные носить оружие; а ship bearing the American colours корабль под американским флагом
    8) bear smth. often offic. bear the name of John (a noble name, the title of earl, etc.) иметь /носить/ имя Джон и т. д; remember that you bear my name (за)помни, ты носишь мое имя
    9) bear smth. bear interpretation (explanation, etc.) допускать толкование и т.д.; his words bear only one interpretation его слова можно интерпретировать только в одном смысле; this statement doesn't bear close examination это заявление /утверждение/ не выдерживает пристального анализа; bear comparison выдерживать сравнение
    10) || bear tales Ябедничать; bear the news передавать новости
    11) bear smth., smb. bear fruit (good peaches, fine apples, sweet grapes, etc.) давать плоды и т. д.; this tree bears no fruit Это дерево не плодоносит; bear children рожать детей; cats usually bear more than two young ones кошка обычно приносит более двух котят; bear interest (profit) приносить /давать/ проценты (прибыль); at last his efforts bore fruit наконец его усилия принесли плоды /увенчались успехом/
    12) bear smth. bear the upper storey (the' whole building, the bridge etc.) поддерживать /нести/ верхний этаж и т.д. the four pillars bear the arch Эти четыре колонны несут арку /служат опорой для арки/; Atlas had to bear the weight of the heavens on his shoulders Атлант должен был держать на своих плечах небесный свод
    4. IV
    1) bear smb., smth. somewhere bear the wounded home относить или отвозить раненых домой; bear the girl across перенести девушку на другую сторону (улицы, реки и т. п.); bear the cases downstairs снести чемоданы [вниз]
    2) bear smth. in same manner bear one's head high (proudly etc.) высоко и т. д. держать голову
    3) bear smth. in some manner bear pain (one's loss, hardships, etc.) patiently (well, manfully, stoically, heroically, philosophically, etc.) переносить боль и т. д. терпеливо и т. д.; bear an operation satisfactorily удовлетворительно перенести операцию; bear one's sorrow in silence молча переносить [свое] горе
    5. V
    1) bear smb. smth. bear smb. love (affection, malice, ill-will, etc.) питать /испытывать/ любовь и т.д. к кому-л.; she bore him no love whatever никакой любви к нему она не испытывала; the hatred he bore me ненависть, которую он ко мне питал; I bear you no grudge и не таю обиды против вас, я зла на вас не держу
    2) bear smb. smb. bear smb. a child (a son, a daughter) родить кому-л. ребенка; she has borne him three sons она родила ему трех сыновей
    6. VII
    bear smb. to do smth. usually with can, especially in the negative or interrogative I can't bear him to be away (them to listen, her to laugh at me, etc.) я не выношу /терпеть не могу/, когда он уезжает и т. д.; I couldn't bear him to think that about me я очень не хотел, чтобы он так подумал обо мне; how could he bear her to know the truth? как мог он допустить мысль о том, что она узнает всю правду?
    7. XI
    1) be born a man is born человек родился; be born at some time be born in 1920 (in January, on the first of May. etc.) родиться в тысяча девятьсот двадцатом году и т. д; born in 1945 тысяча девятьсот сорок пятого года рождения; be born in some place he was born in England он родился в Англии: the idea was born in the minds of the people Эта мысль зародилась в умах людей; be born of smb. he was born of fairly well-to-do parents он родился в довольно зажиточной семье; be born smb. be born a poet родиться поэтом; be born to do smth. he was not born to become a poet fly не суждено было стать поэтом; he was born to be hanged ему на роду написано окончить жизнь на виселице; be born to smb. offic. a son and a daughter were born to them у них родились сын и дочь; be born with smth. be born with a good memory (with a talent for smth., etc.) быть наделенным хорошей памятью и т. д. от рождения; be born of smth. his confidence is born of knowledge его уверенность порождена знаниями / результат знаний/ || be born out of wedlock быть незаконнорожденным /внебрачным ребенком/
    2) book, be borne to some place he was borne to prison его отвела в тюрьму; be borne somewhere by smb. the crowd was borne back by the police полиция оттеснила толпу; the boat was borne backward by the wind ветер отнес лодку назад; be bone upon smth. her voice (the music, the song, the fragrance, etc.) was borne upon the wind ветер доносил или уносил звук ее голоса и т. д.
    3) be borne upon smb. book. it was gradually borne upon me that... до меня постепенно начало доходить, что... || it has to be borne in mind that... следует помнить /не следует забывать/, что...
    8. XIII
    bear to do (to be) smth. usually with can, especially in the negative or interrogative I can't bear to be laughed at (to be disturbed, to be asked so many questions, to see animals treated cruelly, etc.) я не выношу /терпеть не могу/, когда надо мной смеются и т. д.; I can't bear to hear him moan [я] не могу слышать, как он стонет
    9. XIV
    bear doing smth.
    1) this cloth will bear washing Этот материал стирается; some passages in this book will bear skipping некоторые места /абзацы/ в этой книге вполне можно пропустить; your joke (his language, the story, etc.) does not bear repeating я не рискну повторить вашу шутку и т. д.
    2) usually with can, especially in the negative or interrogative I can't bear living alone [я] терпеть не могу жить одна; how can you bear to travel by sea? как это ты выносишь морские путешествия?
    10. XVI
    1) bear with smb., smth. bear with her (with her whims, with his uneven temper, etc.) относиться к ней и т. д. терпеливо; bear with his bad memory мириться с тем, что у него плохая память; you will have to bear with her inexperience вам придется примириться с ее неопытностью; bear with me a little longer Be сердитесь на меня, потерпите еще немного (я сейчас уйду или доскажу и т. п.)
    2) bear (up)on smth. bear on the subject (on the question, upon tile situation, etc.) иметь отношение к [данному] предмету и т. д.; your arguments do not bear on the problem ваши доводы не имеют отношения и этой проблеме; it bears directly on our topic Это непосредственно связано с нашей темой
    3) bear (up)on smth. bear hard on a surface (on a stick, etc.) нажимать /надавливать/ на поверхность и т. д.; if you bear too hard (up)on the point of your pencil it may break если ты будешь слишком сильно нажимать на карандаш, грифель сломается
    4) bear (up)on smb. bear hard (up)on the people (on the natives, on the settlers, etc.) a) угнетать народ и т. д.; б) ложиться тяжелым бременем на народ и т. д.
    5) bear in some direction naut. bear to the north (to the east, to the right, etc.) двигаться, идти или поворачивать на север а т. д.; when you reach the top of the hill bear to the left когда дойдете до вершины холма, сверните налево
    6) bear on smth. bear on the columns (on the pillars. on.the walls, etc.) опираться на колонны и т.д.; the whole building bears on the columns колонны держат все здание; bear heavily on a stick тяжело опираться на палку
    7) bear in smth. bear in spring (in this climate, in the north, in this soil, etc.) плодоносить весной и т. д.
    11. XVIII
    bear oneself in some manner book. bear oneself well (nobly, gracefully, etc.) держаться хорошо и т. д.; bear oneself like smb. bear oneself like a man (like a soldier, like a queen, etc.) держаться или вести себя как мужчина и т. д.
    12. XXI1
    1) bear smb., smth. to some place bear the wounded man to the hospital (the thief to prison, the letter to the president, etc.) отвезти, отнести или доставить раненого в больницу и т. д.; the ship bore him to a distant country корабль увез его в дальние края; bear smb., smth. across smth. the bridge bore us across the river по мосту мы попали на другой берег [реки]; bear smth., smb. on (in, over, etc.) smith. bear smth., smb. on (over) one's shoulders (in one's arms, in one's hands, etc.) нести что-л., кого-л. на плечах и т. д.
    2) bear smth. on /by/ smth. bear a badge on the lapel of one's coat (a sword by one's side, etc.) носить значок /эмблему/ на отвороте пиджака и т. д.
    3) bear smth. for smth., smb. I don't want to bear the blame for your mistakes я не хочу принимать на себя /нести/ вину да ваши ошибки; you will have to bear the penalty for your misdeeds вам придется понести наказание за свой проступки; who will bear the responsibility for the children? кто будет отвечать /нести ответственность/ за датой?; bear smth. against smb. bear a grudge (malice, ill-will, etc.) against slab. испытывать к кому-л. чувство злобы и т.д., испытывать злобу и т. д. против кого-л. =bear иметь зуб против кого-л.
    4) bear smth. to smb., smth. bear no relation to smb., smth. не иметь никакого отношения к кому-л., чему-л., bear (no) resemblance to smb., smth. (не) быть похожим да кого-л., что-л. || bear smth. in mind помнить о чем-л.; you must bear his warning in mind вы не должны забывать о его предупреждении
    5) bear smth. in smth. bear fruit in autumn (in the spring, in this climate, etc.) плодоносить осенью и т.д.;
    13. XXV
    bear that... usually with can, especially in the negative or interrogative she couldn't bear that he should forget her она не могла вынести мысля, что он забудет ее

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > bear

  • 13 bear

    I [bɛə] гл.; прош. вр. bore; прич. прош. вр. born, borne
    1) носить, нести; переносить

    three kings bearing gifts — три царя, несущих дары

    She was bearing a tray of brimming glasses. — Она несла поднос, уставленный наполненными до краёв бокалами.

    The spores are borne on the wind. — Эти споры разносятся ветром.

    Syn:
    carry 1.
    2) книжн.
    а) нести на себе, иметь (знаки, признаки, следы)

    to bear the signature — иметь подпись, быть подписанным

    to bear resemblance — быть похожим, иметь сходство

    This letter bears no date. — На этом письме нет даты.

    The town still bears the scars of the bombings during the war. — Город по-прежнему полон следов военных бомбардировок.

    б) носить (имя, титул)

    They bore the title Count of Nassau. — Они носили титул графов Нассау.

    в) питать, испытывать ( чувство)

    He bore her no malice. — Он не питал к ней никакой злобы.

    Syn:
    г) держать ( в голове); удерживать ( в памяти)

    I'll bear the idea in mind. — Я это учту.

    Bear in mind that the price does not include flights. — Учтите также, что цена не включает авиаперелёт.

    3) касаться, иметь отношение (к кому-л. / чему-л.)

    The title of the essay bore little relation to the contents. — Название этого очерка мало вязалось с его содержанием.

    4) ( bear (up)on) (отрицательно) сказываться на (ком-л. / чём-л.)

    The rise in the cost of living bears hard on old people living on fixed incomes. — Рост прожиточного минимума особенно тяжело сказывается на пенсионерах как на людях, имеющих твёрдый, фиксированный доход.

    5) = bear up выдерживать нагрузку; нести груз, тяжесть; поддерживать, подпирать

    This plank will not bear your weight. — Эта доска не выдержит вашего веса.

    The four pillars bear the arch. — Четыре колонны поддерживают арку.

    Do you think that the floor will bear up under the weight of the new machinery? — Вы думаете, пол выдержит вес новых станков?

    6) нести (расходы, ответственность)

    to bear the losses — нести потери, терпеть убытки

    No on likes to bear the responsibility for such decisions. — Никому не понравится нести ответственность за такие решения.

    7) = bear up выносить, выдерживать ( испытания)

    He couldn't bear the pain. — Он не мог выдержать боли.

    He couldn't bear the humiliation. — Он не мог пережить этого унижения.

    Alice bore up well under the news of her husband's death. — Элис стойко перенесла известие о смерти мужа.

    Syn:

    I can't bear him. — Я его не выношу.

    This bears no comparison. — Это не выдерживает сравнения.

    His story does not bear scrutiny. — При внимательном рассмотрении его история вызовет вопросы.

    Syn:
    9) ( bear with) относиться терпеливо к (чему-л.); мириться с (чем-л.)

    You must bear with his bad temper; he has recently been ill. — Вы должны терпеливо относиться к его плохому настроению, он недавно болел.

    Bear with me while I try to remember exactly what he said. — Потерпите минутку, я попытаюсь точно вспомнить, что он сказал.

    Syn:
    put up with, stand
    10) опираться (на что-л.); нажимать, давить
    Syn:
    press I 2.
    11)
    а) простираться (куда-л.); находиться (где-л.)
    б) двигаться (в каком-л. направлении)

    Bear right when the road divides. — У развилки возьмите направо.

    to bear testimony / witness — свидетельствовать, показывать

    Syn:
    14) книжн. распространять; передавать ( информацию)

    I will bear your message. — Я передам вашу информацию.

    15) прич. прош. вр. born рождать, производить на свет

    born in 1914 — рождённый в 1914 году, 1914-го года рождения

    She is unable to bear. — Она не может иметь детей.

    These apple trees are not going to bear. — Эти яблони не будут плодоносить.

    Syn:
    yield 2.
    17) ( bear oneself) вести себя, держаться

    She bore herself with dignity. — Она держалась с достоинством.

    Syn:
    - bear down
    - bear off
    - bear out
    - bear up
    ••
    - bear arms
    - bear company
    - bear comparison
    - bear a hand
    - bear hard on smb.
    - bear a part
    - be borne in
    - bring to bear
    II [bɛə] 1. сущ. - grizzly bear
    - polar bear
    2) = teddy bear плюшевый медвежонок ( детская игрушка)
    3) неуклюжий, грубый человек

    to play the bear — вести себя невежливо, грубо

    4) эк. биржевой спекулянт, играющий на понижение, "медведь"
    5) тех. дыропробивной пресс, медведка
    6) метал. козёл
    7) амер.; разг. полицейский
    8) ( the Bear) разг. Россия

    When he allowed himself to be flown back to Moscow he was consciously putting his head in the Bear's mouth. — Позволив увезти себя обратно в Москву, он сознательно клал голову в пасть русского медведя.

    ••

    are you there with your bears? — опять вы здесь?; опять вы делаете то же самое?

    to take a bear by the tooth — без нужды подвергать себя опасности, лезть на рожон

    had it been a bear it would have bitten you — вы ошиблись, обознались; (оказалось) не так страшно, как вы думали

    - Great Bear 2. гл.; эк. III [bɛə] сущ.; диал.

    Англо-русский современный словарь > bear

  • 14 rollo


    rollo sustantivo masculino 1
    a) (de papel, tela, película) roll
    b) (de cable, cuerda) reel
    2
    a) (Esp fam) ( cosa aburrida) bore;
    ¡qué rollo de conferencia! what a boring lecture!
    b) (Esp, Méx fam) ( lata) nuisance, pain (colloq);
    ¡qué rollo! what a nuisance o pain!
    3 (fam)
    a) ( perorata) speech (colloq), lecture (colloq);
    bueno, corta el rollo ya OK, can it, will you? (AmE colloq), OK, put a sock in it, will you? (BrE colloq) 4 (Esp, Méx fam) ( asunto) business ■ adjetivo invariable (Esp fam) boring;
    ¡qué tío más rollo! that guy's such a pain o bore! (colloq)

    rollo sustantivo masculino
    1 (de papel, tela, etc) roll (para la cámara de fotos) (roll of) film Cine reel (de papel higiénico) roll (of toilet paper)
    2 (de alambre, cuerda, etc) coil, reel
    3 Culin (para amasar) rolling pin (para comer) roll
    4 fam (una persona, una cosa) drag, bore: ¡menudo rollo de película!, what a boring film!
    soltar el rollo, to give a speech o sermon
    5 fam (asunto) affair, matter: está metido en el rollo de las drogas, he's involved in drugs
    6 fam (ambiente) hay buen/mal rollo entre nosotros, we have good/bad vibrations Locuciones: familiar ser algo un rollo patatero, to be a real bore ' rollo' also found in these entries: Spanish: esto - paliza - palo - pestiño - avanzar - movida English: bore - coil - grind - hassle - roll - scroll - spiel - toilet roll - bind - reel - rolling pin - toilet

    English-spanish dictionary > rollo

  • 15 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 16 thing

    A n
    1 ( object) chose f, truc m ; she likes beautiful things elle aime les belles choses ; he was wearing an old yellow thing il portait un vieux truc jaune ; it's a thing you use for opening envelopes c'est un truc pour ouvrir les enveloppes, ça sert à ouvrir les enveloppes ; any old thing will do n'importe quel vieux truc fera l'affaire ; what's that thing? qu'est-ce que c'est que ce truc ? ; what's that thing on the table? qu'est-ce c'est que ce truc sur la table? ; what's this thing for? à quoi sert ce truc ? ; there isn't a thing to eat in the house! il n'y a rien à manger dans cette maison! ; I haven't got a thing to wear! je n'ai rien à me mettre! ; the one thing he wants for his birthday is a bike tout ce qu'il veut pour son anniversaire, c'est un vélo ; it was a big box thing c'était une espèce de grosse boîte ;
    2 (action, task, event) chose f ; I've got things to do j'ai des choses à faire ; she'll do great things in life elle ira loin dans la vie ; I wouldn't dream of such a thing une telle chose ne me viendrait jamais à l'esprit ; who would do such a thing? qui ferait une telle chose? ; how could you do such a thing? comment as-tu pu faire une chose pareille? ; an awful thing happened to me il m'est arrivé une chose épouvantable ; that's the worst thing you could have said/done c'était (vraiment) la chose à ne pas dire/faire ; the best thing (to do) would be to go and see her le mieux serait d'aller la voir ; that was a silly/dangerous thing to do c'était stupide/dangereux d'avoir fait cela ; that was a lovely/horrible thing to do c'était gentil/horrible d'avoir fait cela ; it was a difficult thing to do cela n'a pas été facile à faire, cela a été difficile à faire ; there wasn't a thing I could do je ne pouvais rien y faire ; it's a good thing you came heureusement que tu es venu, c'est une bonne chose que tu sois venu ; the thing to do is to listen carefully to him ce qu'il faut faire c'est l'écouter attentivement ; I'm sorry, but I haven't done a thing about it yet je suis désolé, mais je ne m'en suis pas encore occupé ; the heat does funny things to people la chaleur a de drôles d'effets sur les gens ;
    3 (matter, fact) chose f ; we talked about lots of things nous avons discuté de beaucoup de choses ; we talked about politics and things (like that) nous avons discuté de la politique et de choses comme ça ; the thing to remember is… ce dont il faut se souvenir c'est… ; I couldn't hear a thing (that) he said je n'ai rien entendu de ce qu'il a dit ; I said/did no such thing! je n'ai rien dit/fait de tel! ; I couldn't think of a thing to say je n'ai rien trouvé à dire ; one thing is obvious/certain une chose est évidente/certaine ; the first thing we must consider is… la première chose à considérer, c'est… ; if there's one thing I hate it's… s'il y a une chose que je déteste c'est… ; I found the whole thing a bore j'ai trouvé tout cela très ennuyeux ; the whole thing is crazy! c'est idiot tout cela! ; the thing is, (that)… ce qu'il y a, c'est que… ; the only thing is,… la seule chose, c'est que… ; the funny/amazing/dreadful thing is… le plus drôle/étonnant/épouvantable c'est que… ; the good thing (about it) is… ce qu'il y a de bien, c'est que… ; the best/worst thing (about it) is… le mieux/le pire c'est que… ; the thing about him is that he's very honest ce qu'il faut lui reconnaître, c'est qu'il est très honnête ; the thing about him is that he can't be trusted le problème avec lui c'est qu'on ne peut pas lui faire confiance ; the good/best/worst thing about her is (that) ce qu'il y a de bien/de mieux/de pire avec or chez elle c'est (que) ;
    4 (person, animal) she's a pretty little thing c'est une jolie petite fille ; he's a funny little thing c'est un drôle de petit gamin ; how are you, old thing ? comment ça va, mon vieux ? ; you lucky thing ! veinard/-e ! ; you stupid thing ! espèce d'idiot ! ; (the) stupid thing ( of object) sale truc ! ; there wasn't a living thing to be seen il n'y avait pas âme qui vive.
    1 (personal belongings, equipment) affaires fpl ; have you tidied your things? as-tu rangé tes affaires? ; things to be washed/ironed des affaires à laver/repasser ; to wash up the breakfast things faire la vaisselle du petit déjeuner ;
    2 (situation, circumstances, matters) les choses fpl ; to take things too seriously/too lightly prendre les choses trop au sérieux/trop à la légère ; to see things as they really are voir les choses en face ; to take things as they come prendre les choses comme elles viennent ; things don't look too good les choses ne se présentent pas trop bien ; things are getting better/worse cela s'améliore/empire ; how are things with you?, how are things going? comment ça va? ; why do you want to change things? pourquoi est-ce que tu veux tout changer? ; to spoil things tout gâcher ; to worry about things se faire du souci ; as things are ou stand dans l'état actuel des choses ; as things turned out en fin de compte ; all things considered tout compte fait ; in all things en toute chose ; she's fascinated by things Chinese elle est fascinée par tout ce qui est chinois ; things eternal and things temporal l'éternel et le temporel ;
    3 Jur biens mpl (immobiliers et mobiliers).
    it's not the done thing (to do) ça ne se fait pas (de faire) ; it's the in thing c'est à la mode ; she was wearing the latest thing in hats elle portait un chapeau dernier cri ; she's got the latest thing in stereos elle a une chaîne stéréo dernier cri ; it's all right if you like that sort of thing c'est pas mal quand on aime ça ; that's just the thing ou the very thing! c'est tout à fait or exactement ce qu'il me/te/lui etc faut ; it's become quite the thing (to do) c'est devenu à la mode (de faire) ; it was a close ou near thing c'était juste ; he's on to a good thing il a trouvé le bon filon ; he likes to do his own thing il aime faire ce qui lui plaît ; for one thing…(and) for another thing… premièrement…et deuxièmement… ; to have a thing about ( like) craquer pour [blondes, bearded men] ; adorer, avoir la folie de [emeralds, old cars] ; ( hate) ne pas aimer [dogs] ; he's got a thing about flying il n'aime pas l'avion ; it's a girl/guy thing c'est un truc de filles/de mecs ; to make a big thing (out) of it en faire toute une histoire or tout un plat ; to know a thing or two about sth s'y connaître en qch ; we certainly showed them a thing or two nous leur avons certainement appris une ou deux choses! ; she can tell you a thing or two about car engines ! elle s'y connaît en mécanique ; I could tell you a thing or two about him ! je pourrais vous en raconter sur son compte! ; he gave her a snake of all things! il n'a rien trouvé de mieux à lui donner qu'un serpent! ; and then, of all things, she… et alors, allez savoir pourquoi , elle… ; I must be seeing/hearing things! je dois avoir des visions/entendre des voix! ; it's ou it was (just) one of those things ce sont des choses qui arrivent, c'est la vie ; it's one (damned) thing after another ! les embêtements n'en finissent plus! ; one thing led to another and… et, de fil en aiguille… ; taking one thing with another tout bien considéré ; what with one thing and another, I haven't had time to read it avec tout ce que j'ai eu à faire je n'ai pas eu le temps de le lire ; things aren't what they used to be les choses ne sont plus ce qu'elles étaient ; (to try) to be all things to all men (essayer de) faire plaisir à tout le monde.

    Big English-French dictionary > thing

  • 17 drag

    I 1. [dræg]
    1) colloq. (bore) barba f., lagna f.
    2) aer. fis. resistenza f.
    3) colloq. (puff) tiro m., tirata f.
    4) (women's clothes worn by men) abbigliamento m. da travestito
    5) colloq. (road)
    2.
    1) teatr. [artist, show] en travesti
    2) aut. sport [race, racing] di dragster
    II 1. [dræg]
    verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - gg-)
    1) (pull) tirare, trascinare (to, up to fino a; towards verso)

    to drag sth. along the ground — trascinare qcs. per terra

    to drag sb. from — tirare qcn. giù da [chair, bed]

    to drag sb. to — trascinare qcn. a [ match]; trascinare qcn. da [ dentist]

    to drag sb. into — trascinare qcn. in, dentro [ room]

    don't drag my mother into this — non tirare dentro mia madre, non coinvolgere mia madre in questo

    2) (search) dragare [river, pond]
    3) inform. trascinare [ icon]
    4) (trail) trascinare, strascicare

    to drag one's feet o heels — strascicare i piedi; fig. essere riluttante (on riguardo a), tirarla per le lunghe

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - gg-)
    1) (go slowly) [hours, days] trascinarsi; [story, plot] trascinarsi, procedere pesantemente

    to drag in — [hem, belt] strisciare, strascicare nel [ mud]

    to drag on — fare un tiro, una tirata a [ cigarette]

    3.
    * * *
    [dræɡ] 1. past tense, past participle - dragged; verb
    1) (to pull, especially by force or roughly: She was dragged screaming from her car.) trascinare, tirare
    2) (to pull (something) slowly (usually because heavy): He dragged the heavy table across the floor.) trascinare
    3) (to (cause to) move along the ground: His coat was so long it dragged on the ground at the back.) strascicarsi, strascinarsi
    4) (to search (the bed of a lake etc) by using a net or hook: Police are dragging the canal to try to find the body.) dragare
    5) (to be slow-moving and boring: The evening dragged a bit.) trascinarsi
    2. noun
    1) (something which slows something down: He felt that his lack of education was a drag on his progress.) ostacolo, impedimento
    2) (an act of drawing in smoke from a cigarette etc: He took a long drag at his cigarette.) boccata
    3) (something or someone that is dull and boring: Washing-up is a drag.) noia, scocciatura
    4) (a slang word for women's clothes when worn by men.) abbigliamento di travestiti
    * * *
    drag /dræg/
    n.
    1 (fam.) rottura (di scatole), cosa pallosa: It's a real drag having to get two buses to work every day, è veramente una rottura dover prendere due autobus tutti i giorni per andare a lavorare; Exams are a drag, gli esami sono una palla
    2 (fam.) tipo palloso: Don't bring Howard, he's such a drag, non portare Howard, è un tipo così palloso
    3 [u] (fam.) abbigliamento del sesso opposto, travesti (franc.): to be in drag, essere in travesti; Why do so many man like wearing drag?, perché a così tanti uomini piace vestirsi da donna?; a drag artist, una drag queen ( uomo), una «drag king» ( donna); a drag show, uno spettacolo drag
    4 (fig.) freno, ostacolo: High unemployment is a drag on the economy, un'alta disoccupazione è un freno per l'economia; Having to support a large family was a drag on his career as a writer, il fatto di dover mantenere una famiglia numerosa ha frenato la sua carriera di scrittore; fiscal drag, drenaggio fiscale
    5 (fam.) tirata, boccata: a drag on a cigarette, una tirata di sigaretta
    6 [u] (mecc. dei fluidi) resistenza, trascinamento; (aeron.) resistenza aerodinamica
    7 [u] (fam. USA) autorità, influenza
    9 (agric.) erpice pesante; frangizolle
    10 rozza slitta; treggia
    11 ( un tempo) carrozza chiusa; tiro a quattro
    13 draga; cavafango
    14 (arc.: in un carro agricolo) freno a ceppi; martinicca
    15 (metall.) fondo della staffa
    16 ( slang USA) strada; via
    ● (teatr.) drag act, numero di una drag queen (o di una «drag king») □ (mecc.) drag bar, barra di trazione □ drag boat, peschereccio a strascico □ drag chain, catena d'arresto di una ruota ( in un veicolo); (fig.) ostacolo, peso; (ferr.) catena di aggancio; (autom.) catenella di messa a terra □ drag hunt (o hunting), caccia con lo strascico □ drag king, «drag king», artista che si esibisce travestita da uomo □ (mecc.) drag-link, tirante longitudinale ( dello sterzo); quadrilatero articolato a doppia manovella □ drag queen, drag queen, artista che si esibisce travestito da donna; ( anche) travestito (con tratti femminili esasperati: trucco pesante, ecc.) □ drag race, gara di accelerazione (per ► dragster) □ drag racing, gare di accelerazione ( per dragster).
    ♦ (to) drag /dræg/
    A v. t.
    1 trascinare; tirare ( a fatica, con sforzo): They used horses to drag the plough, usavano dei cavalli per tirare l'aratro; He was dragging his bag behind him, si trascinava dietro la borsa; She was dragging the child along by the arm, trascinava il bambino tirandolo per il braccio; We dragged the wardrobe up two flights of stairs, abbiamo trascinato il guardaroba su per due rampe di scale; The police dragged away two demonstrators, la polizia ha trascinato via due manifestanti; He dragged me into the room, mi ha trascinato a forza nella stanza; Several men dragged him out of the car and beat him up, diversi uomini lo hanno trascinato fuori dalla macchina e lo hanno picchiato; We dragged the children out of bed and made them go for a walk, abbiamo tirato i bambini giù dal letto e gli abbiamo fatto fare una passeggiata; to drag a leg [a foot], trascinare una gamba [un piede]; She dragged a comb through her hair, si è data una passata col pettine sui capelli
    2 (agric.) erpicare ( il terreno)
    3 dragare, rastrellare ( un fiume, un lago, ecc.): They dragged the river for the body, hanno dragato il fiume alla ricerca del cadavere
    5 (comput.) trascinare: Drag the file into the folder, trascinate il file nella cartella
    B v. i.
    1 trascinarsi; strascicare: The bottom of her long skirt dragged on the ground, il fondo della lunga gonna le strascicava per terra
    2 (fig.) trascinarsi, procedere a rilento: The long winter months dragged by, i lunghi mesi invernali si trascinavano; The play dragged badly in the second half, lo spettacolo procedeva davvero a rilento nel secondo tempo
    3 (naut.) arare: The anchor dragged, l'ancora arava
    4 ( di motivo musicale) essere lento; mancare di vivacità
    6 (mecc.) ( dei freni) strisciare; aderire
    7 (fam.) tirare una boccata: She dragged on her cigarette, ha tirato una boccata dalla sigaretta
    ● (comput.) drag and drop, trascina e rilascia ( istruzione) □ to drag oneself, trascinarsi: She managed to drag herself across the room and phoned for an ambulance, è riuscita a trascinarsi attraverso la stanza e ha chiamato un'ambulanza; He dragged himself into work despite having the flu, si è trascinato al lavoro nonostante avesse l'influenza; She dragged herself away from the book and started to tidy up, con grande sforzo, ha posato il libro e si è messa a riordinare □ to drag one's feet (o one's heels), strascicare i piedi; (fig.) tirarla per le lunghe; essere riluttante (a fare qc.): DIALOGO → - Business trip 1- We found out why they've been dragging their heels, abbiamo scoperto il motivo per cui sono andati per le lunghe □ (fig.) to drag sb. kicking and screaming, trascinare q. per i capelli □ (fig.) to drag sb. through the courts, trascinare q. in tribunale □ (fig.) to drag sb. 's name through the mud, trascinare il nome di q. nel fango.
    * * *
    I 1. [dræg]
    1) colloq. (bore) barba f., lagna f.
    2) aer. fis. resistenza f.
    3) colloq. (puff) tiro m., tirata f.
    4) (women's clothes worn by men) abbigliamento m. da travestito
    5) colloq. (road)
    2.
    1) teatr. [artist, show] en travesti
    2) aut. sport [race, racing] di dragster
    II 1. [dræg]
    verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - gg-)
    1) (pull) tirare, trascinare (to, up to fino a; towards verso)

    to drag sth. along the ground — trascinare qcs. per terra

    to drag sb. from — tirare qcn. giù da [chair, bed]

    to drag sb. to — trascinare qcn. a [ match]; trascinare qcn. da [ dentist]

    to drag sb. into — trascinare qcn. in, dentro [ room]

    don't drag my mother into this — non tirare dentro mia madre, non coinvolgere mia madre in questo

    2) (search) dragare [river, pond]
    3) inform. trascinare [ icon]
    4) (trail) trascinare, strascicare

    to drag one's feet o heels — strascicare i piedi; fig. essere riluttante (on riguardo a), tirarla per le lunghe

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - gg-)
    1) (go slowly) [hours, days] trascinarsi; [story, plot] trascinarsi, procedere pesantemente

    to drag in — [hem, belt] strisciare, strascicare nel [ mud]

    to drag on — fare un tiro, una tirata a [ cigarette]

    3.

    English-Italian dictionary > drag

  • 18 tear

    I 1. noun
    Riß, der; see also academic.ru/81489/wear">wear 1. 1)
    2. transitive verb,
    1) (rip, lit. or fig.) zerreißen; (pull apart) auseinander reißen; (damage) aufreißen

    tear openaufreißen [Brief, Schachtel, Paket]

    tear one's dress [on a nail] — sich (Dat.) das Kleid [an einem Nagel] aufreißen

    tear a hole/gash in something — ein Loch/eine klaffende Wunde in etwas (Akk.) reißen

    tear something in half or in two — etwas entzweireißen

    tear to shreds or pieces — (lit.) zerfetzen; in Stücke reißen [Flagge, Kleidung, Person]

    tear to shreds(fig.) (destroy) ruinieren [Ruf, Leumund]; zerrütten [Nerven]; zunichte machen [Argument, Alibi]; auseinander nehmen (salopp) [Mannschaft]; (criticize) verreißen (ugs.)

    be torn between two things/people/between x and y — zwischen zwei Dingen/Personen/x und y hin- und hergerissen sein

    that's torn it(Brit. fig. coll.) das hat alles vermasselt (salopp)

    2) (remove with force) reißen

    tear something out of or from somebody's hands — jemandem etwas aus der Hand reißen

    tear one's hair(fig.) sich (Dat.) die Haare raufen (ugs.)

    3. intransitive verb,
    tore, torn
    1) (rip) [zer]reißen

    it tears along the perforationes lässt sich entlang der Perforation abreißen

    tear in half or in two — entzweireißen; durchreißen

    2) (move hurriedly) rasen (ugs.)

    tear offlosrasen (ugs.)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    II noun
    Träne, die

    there were tears in her eyessie hatte od. ihr standen Tränen in den Augen

    with tears in one's eyesmit Tränen in den Augen

    end in tearsböse enden od. ausgehen; ein böses od. schlimmes Ende nehmen

    * * *
    I [tiə] noun
    (a drop of liquid coming from the eye, as a result of emotion (especially sadness) or because something (eg smoke) has irritated it: tears of joy/laughter/rage.) die Träne
    - tearful
    - tearfully
    - tearfulness
    - tear gas
    - tear-stained
    - in tears
    II 1. [teə] past tense - tore; verb
    1) ((sometimes with off etc) to make a split or hole in (something), intentionally or unintentionally, with a sudden or violent pulling action, or to remove (something) from its position by such an action or movement: He tore the photograph into pieces; You've torn a hole in your jacket; I tore the picture out of a magazine.) (zer-)reißen
    2) (to become torn: Newspapers tear easily.) (zer-)reißen
    3) (to rush: He tore along the road.) rasen
    2. noun
    (a hole or split made by tearing: There's a tear in my dress.) der Riß
    - be torn between one thing and another
    - be torn between
    - tear oneself away
    - tear away
    - tear one's hair
    - tear up
    * * *
    tear1
    [tɪəʳ, AM tɪr]
    I. n
    1. (watery fluid) Träne f
    her eyes filled with \tears ihre Augen füllten sich mit Tränen
    \tears ran down his face [or rolled down his cheek] ihm liefen [die] Tränen über das Gesicht [o rannen [die] Tränen über die Wangen]
    to be in \tears weinen
    to have \tears in one's eyes Tränen in den Augen haben
    \tears of frustration/remorse Tränen pl der Enttäuschung/Reue
    \tears of happiness/joy Glücks-/Freudentränen pl
    to be all \tears in Tränen aufgelöst sein
    to shed [or weep] bitter/crocodile \tears bittere Tränen/Krokodilstränen vergießen [o weinen]
    to burst into \tears in Tränen ausbrechen
    to dissolve into \tears sich akk in Tränen auflösen
    to move [or reduce] sb to \tears jdn zum Weinen bringen
    to not shed [any] \tears over sb/sth jdm/etw keine Träne nachweinen
    to squeeze a \tear eine Träne [im Auge] zerdrücken
    2. TECH (hardened matter) of glass [Glas]träne f, [Glas]tropfen m; of resin [Harz]tropfen m; TECH (in glass) Luftblase f
    II. vi
    1. (from the cold, smoke) tränen
    the wind made her eyes \tear durch den Wind begannen ihre Augen zu tränen
    2. (in grief, joy) sich akk mit Tränen füllen
    tear2
    [teəʳ, AM ter]
    I. n (in cloth, wall) Riss m; (in wall) Spalte f, Sprung m, Ritze f
    \tear in a muscle/tissue MED Riss m in einem Muskel/Gewebe
    \tear propagation resistance TECH Weiterreißfestigkeit f
    II. vt
    <tore, torn>
    to \tear sth
    1. (rip) piece of fabric, letter, paper etw zerreißen; ( fig: disrupt) country, party, team etw auseinanderreißen
    to \tear sth to bits [or pieces] [or shreds] brochure, catalogue etw zerreißen [o in Stücke reißen]
    to \tear a hole in one's trousers sich dat ein Loch in die Hose reißen
    2. (injure)
    to \tear one's fingernail sich dat den Fingernagel einreißen
    to \tear a gash on one's leg sich dat eine [tiefe] Wunde am Bein beibringen
    to \tear a muscle sich dat einen Muskelriss zuziehen
    3. ( fig: shatter)
    to \tear sth to pieces alibi, argument etw auseinandernehmen [o zerpflücken] fig
    4. ( fig: attack)
    to \tear sth to pieces [or shreds] article, book, play etw verreißen
    to \tear sb to pieces [or shreds] ( fam) jdn in der Luft zerreißen [o auseinandernehmen] fig
    III. vi
    <tore, torn>
    1. (rip) piece of fabric, paper, rope [zer]reißen; buttonhole, lining, tab ausreißen; biscuit, slab [zer]brechen
    2. ( fig fam: rush) rasen
    to \tear away losrasen, lossausen fam
    to \tear down the stairs die Treppe hinunterstürmen
    to \tear in hineinstürmen, hineinstürzen
    to \tear off [vorzeitig] Leine ziehen fam, abhauen sl
    I hate to \tear off, but I'm late ich haue ungern schon ab, aber ich bin spät dran
    3. (pull)
    to \tear at sth ( also fig) bandage, clasp, fastener an etw dat herumreißen [o herumzerren]
    to \tear at sb's heartstrings [or heart] jdm das Herz zerreißen
    to \tear at sb's soul jdm auf der Seele liegen
    to \tear at each other's throats aufeinander losgehen; (physically also) sich dat an die Gurgel springen; (verbally also) übereinander herziehen
    4. ( fig fam: eat)
    to \tear at [or into] sth sich akk über etw akk hermachen fam
    to \tear into sb jdn heftig kritisieren [o fam zur Schnecke machen]
    I was late, and my boss tore into me like a mad dog ich kam zu spät, und mein Chef ging wie ein Wilder auf mich los
    * * *
    I [tɛə(r)] vb: pret tore, ptp torn
    1. vt
    1) material, paper, dress zerreißen; flesh verletzen, aufreißen; hole reißen

    I've torn a muscle —

    the nail tore a gash in his armer hat sich (dat) an dem Nagel eine tiefe Wunde am Arm beigebracht

    to tear sth in two — etw (in zwei Stücke or Hälften) zerreißen, etw in der Mitte durchreißen

    2) (= pull away) reißen

    her child was torn from her/from her arms — das Kind wurde ihr entrissen/ihr aus den Armen gerissen

    to tear one's hair (out)sich (dat) die Haare raufen

    3) (fig

    usu pass) a country torn by war — ein vom Krieg zerrissenes Land

    to be torn between two things/people — zwischen zwei Dingen/Menschen hin und her gerissen sein

    2. vi
    1) (material etc) (zer)reißen

    her coat tore on a nailsie zerriss sich (dat) den Mantel an einem Nagel

    2) (= move quickly) rasen
    3. n
    (in material etc) Riss m II [tɪə(r)]
    n
    Träne f

    the news brought tears to her eyesals sie das hörte, stiegen ihr die Tränen in die Augen

    See:
    shed
    * * *
    tear1 [tıə(r)] s
    1. Träne f:
    tears of joy Freudentränen;
    be in tears in Tränen aufgelöst sein;
    let the tears flow den Tränen freien Lauf lassen;
    slimming without tears müheloses Abnehmen; bore2 B 1, burst A 4, fetch A 5, near Bes Redew, reduce A 16, squeeze A 3
    2. pl Tränen pl, Leid n
    3. Tropfen m:
    tear of resin Harztropfen
    tear2 [teə(r)]
    A s
    1. (Zer)Reißen n: wear1 C 3
    2. Riss m
    3. rasendes Tempo:
    at full tear in vollem Schwung;
    in a tear in wilder Hast
    4. go on a tear umg die Sau rauslassen
    B v/t prät tore [tɔː(r); US auch ˈtəʊər], obs tare [teə(r)], pperf torn [tɔː(r)n; US auch ˈtəʊərn]
    1. zerreißen:
    tear one’s shirt sich das Hemd zerreißen;
    tear in two entzweireißen;
    tear open aufreißen;
    tear a page out of a book eine Seite aus einem Buch herausreißen;
    that’s torn it! Br umg jetzt ist es aus oder passiert!;
    tear a muscle MED sich einen Muskelriss zuziehen;
    torn muscle MED Muskelriss m; piece A 2, shred A 1
    2. sich die Hand etc aufreißen:
    tear one’s hand
    3. (ein)reißen:
    tear a hole in one’s coat (sich) ein Loch in den Mantel reißen
    4. zerren an (dat), (aus)reißen:
    tear one’s hair sich die Haare (aus)raufen (a. fig)
    5. weg-, losreißen ( beide:
    from von)
    6. entreißen ( sth from sb jemandem etwas)
    7. fig zerreißen, -fleischen:
    a party torn by internal strife eine durch interne Streitigkeiten zerrissene Partei;
    be torn between hope and despair zwischen Hoffnung und Verzweiflung hin- und hergerissen sein oder werden;
    a heart torn with anguish ein schmerzgequältes Herz
    C v/i
    1. (zer)reißen
    2. reißen, zerren ( beide:
    at an dat)
    3. umg stürmen, jagen, rasen:
    tear about ( oder around) (in der Gegend) herumsausen;
    tear into sb über jemanden herfallen (auch mit Worten)
    4. umg wüten, toben
    * * *
    I 1. noun
    Riß, der; see also wear 1. 1)
    2. transitive verb,
    1) (rip, lit. or fig.) zerreißen; (pull apart) auseinander reißen; (damage) aufreißen

    tear openaufreißen [Brief, Schachtel, Paket]

    tear one's dress [on a nail] — sich (Dat.) das Kleid [an einem Nagel] aufreißen

    tear a hole/gash in something — ein Loch/eine klaffende Wunde in etwas (Akk.) reißen

    tear something in half or in two — etwas entzweireißen

    tear to shreds or pieces — (lit.) zerfetzen; in Stücke reißen [Flagge, Kleidung, Person]

    tear to shreds(fig.) (destroy) ruinieren [Ruf, Leumund]; zerrütten [Nerven]; zunichte machen [Argument, Alibi]; auseinander nehmen (salopp) [Mannschaft]; (criticize) verreißen (ugs.)

    be torn between two things/people/between x and y — zwischen zwei Dingen/Personen/x und y hin- und hergerissen sein

    that's torn it(Brit. fig. coll.) das hat alles vermasselt (salopp)

    tear something out of or from somebody's hands — jemandem etwas aus der Hand reißen

    tear one's hair(fig.) sich (Dat.) die Haare raufen (ugs.)

    3. intransitive verb,
    tore, torn
    1) (rip) [zer]reißen

    tear in half or in two — entzweireißen; durchreißen

    2) (move hurriedly) rasen (ugs.)

    tear offlosrasen (ugs.)

    Phrasal Verbs:
    II noun
    Träne, die

    there were tears in her eyessie hatte od. ihr standen Tränen in den Augen

    end in tearsböse enden od. ausgehen; ein böses od. schlimmes Ende nehmen

    * * *
    n.
    Riss -e (im Stoff) m.
    Träne -n f. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: tore, torn)
    = zerreißen v.
    zerren v.
    ziehen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: zog, ist/hat gezogen)

    English-german dictionary > tear

  • 19 pesado

    Del verbo pesar: ( conjugate pesar) \ \
    pesado es: \ \
    el participio
    Multiple Entries: pesado     pesar
    pesado
    ◊ -da adjetivo
    1 ( en general) heavy; ‹ estómago bloated; ‹ sueño deep 2
    a) (fam) (fastidioso, aburrido) ‹libro/película tedious;
    persona›:
    ¡qué pesado es! he's such a pain in the neck! (colloq);
    no te pongas pesado don't be so annoying o (colloq) such a pest!
    b) (AmL) (difícil, duro) ‹trabajo/tarea heavy, hard
    3 (Andes fam) ( antipático) unpleasant;
    ¡qué tipo tan pesado! what a jerk! (colloq)
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    a) (fam) ( latoso) pain (colloq), pest (colloq)
    b) (Andes fam) ( antipático) jerk (colloq)

    pesar 1 sustantivo masculino 1
    a) (pena, tristeza) sorrow;
    a pesado mío or muy a mi pesado much to my regret 2 a pesado de todo in spite of o despite everything; a pesar de que even though
    pesar 2 ( conjugate pesar) verbo intransitivo 1 [paquete/maleta] to be heavy; no me pesa it's not heavy 2 ( causar arrepentimiento) (+ me/te/le etc): me pesa haberlo ofendido I'm very sorry I offended him 3 pese a que even though; mal que me/le pese whether I like/he likes it or not verbo transitivo
    a)niño/maleta to weigh;
    manzanas to weigh (out) pesarse verbo pronominal ( refl) to weigh oneself
    pesado,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (un objeto) heavy
    2 (sueño) deep, heavy
    3 (trabajo) hard
    4 (viaje) tiring
    5 (aburrido, molesto) boring, tedious, dull
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino pain, pest
    pesar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 (tener peso físico) to weigh: esa carne pesa dos kilos, that meat weighs two kilos
    2 (tener peso psíquico) to have influence: sus opiniones aún pesan en el grupo, his opinions still carry weight in the group
    3 (causar arrepentimiento, dolor) to grieve: me pesa no haber ido con vosotros, I regret not having gone with you
    II vtr (determinar un peso) to weigh
    III sustantivo masculino
    1 (pena, pesadumbre) sorrow, grief
    2 (remordimiento) regret Locuciones: a pesar de, in spite of
    a pesar de que, although ➣ Ver nota en aunque
    ' pesado' also found in these entries: Spanish: aliviar - cargar - demasiada - demasiado - engorrosa - engorroso - leve - más - pesada - petardo - plomo - sueño - tostón - atorrante - chinche - hacer - latoso - machacón - muerto - peso - rock English: aggravating - awkward - bore - boring - bothersome - cumbersome - drag - dreary - going - grind - heavy - heavyweight - hefty - laboured - leaden - lengthy - lug - neck - nuisance - objectionable - pain - pest - plod - sleeper - stodgy - tiresome - trying - weighty - annoying - close - HGV - muggy - onerous - pall - ponderous - top - unwieldy - weight

    English-spanish dictionary > pesado

  • 20 one

    [wʌn] n
    1) ( number) Eins f;
    \one is the smallest whole number Eins ist die kleinste ganze Zahl;
    the front door bore a big brass \one auf der Eingangstür war eine große Eins in Kupfer;
    one/ two/ three hundred/ million/thousand and \one ein/zwei/drei Hundert/Millionen/Tausend und eins
    2) (size of garment, merchandise) Größe eins;
    little Jackie's wearing \ones now die kleine Jackie trägt jetzt Größe eins adj
    1) ( not two) ein(e, er, es);
    we have two daughters and \one son wir haben zwei Töchter und einen Sohn;
    she'll be \one year old tomorrow sie wird morgen ein Jahr alt;
    \one hundred/ million/ thousand einhundert/eine Million/eintausend;
    \one third/ fifth ein Drittel/Fünftel nt
    2) ( one of a number) ein(e, er/es);
    a glass tube closed at \one end ein Glasröhrchen ist an einem Ende verschlossen;
    he can't tell \one wine from another er kennt die Weine nicht auseinander
    3) ( single) einzige(r, s);
    her \one concern is to save her daughter ihre einzige Sorge ist, ihre Tochter zu retten;
    not \one man kein Mensch;
    to have just \one thought nur einen [einzigen] Gedanken haben;
    all \one sth nur in einer/einem etw;
    I think we should paint the bedroom all \one colour ich denke, wir sollten das Schlafzimmer nur in einer Farbe streichen;
    the \one sth der/die/das eine etw;
    do you think five of us will manage to squeeze into the \one car? glaubst du, wir fünf können uns in dieses eine Auto quetschen?;
    there's too much data to fit onto just the \one disk das sind zu viele Daten für nur eine Diskette;
    the \one and only sth der/die/das einzige...;
    the title of his \one and only book der Titel seines einzigen Buchs;
    the \one and only sb der/die einzigartige...;
    the \one and only Muhammad Ali der einzigartige Muhammad Ali;
    ladies and gentlemen, the \one and only David Copperfield! meine Damen und Herren, der einzigartige David Copperfield!
    4) ( only)
    the \one sb/ sth die/die/das einzige;
    he's the \one person you can rely on in an emergency er ist die einzige Person, auf die man sich im Notfall verlassen kann;
    (this is the \one type of computer that is easy to use for people who aren't experts) das ist der einzige Computer, den Laien einfach verwenden können
    I'd like to go skiing \one Christmas ich möchte irgendwann zu Weihnachten Skifahren gehen;
    we must have a drink together \one evening wir müssen irgendwann am Abend was trinken gehen;
    \one night we stayed up talking till dawn einen Abend plauderten wir bis zum Morgengrauen;
    \one afternoon in late October einen Nachmittag Ende Oktober;
    \one day ( in the past) irgendwann;
    we first met each other \one day in the park wir trafen uns das erste Mal im Park;
    one \one a boy started teasing Grady irgendwann begann der Junge Grady zu ärgern;
    ( in the future) irgendwann;
    why don't we meet for lunch \one day next week? warum treffen wir uns nicht nächste Woche irgendwann zum Mittagessen?;
    I'd like to go to Berlin again \one day ich möchte irgendwann wieder nach Berlin fahren;
    from \one minute to the next von einer Minute auf die andere;
    \one moment... the next [moment]... einmal... im nächsten [Moment];
    \one moment he says he loves me, the next moment he's asking for a divorce einmal sagt er, er liebt mich, und im nächsten Moment will er die Scheidung
    6) (form: a certain person) ein gewisser, eine gewisse;
    her solicitor is \one John Wintersgill ihr Anwalt ist ein gewisser John Wintersgill
    7) ( esp Am);
    (emph fam: noteworthy) ein(e);
    to be \one sb/ sth;
    his mother is \one generous woman meine Mutter ist eine großzügige Frau;
    that's \one big ice-cream you've got there du hast aber ein großes Eis;
    it was \one hell of a shock to find out I'd lost my job es war ein Riesenschock für mich, dass ich den Job verloren hatte;
    he was \one hell of a snappy dresser er war immer todschick gekleidet
    8) ( identical) ein(e);
    all types of training meet \one common standard alle Trainingsarten folgen einem gemeinsamen Standard;
    \one and the same ein und derselbe/dieselbe/dasselbe;
    the two things are \one and the same diese beiden Dinge sind ein und dasselbe;
    to be \one ( form a unity) vereint sein;
    as husband and wife we are now \one als Mann und Frau sind sie nun vereint
    9) ( one year old) eins, ein Jahr;
    little Jimmy's \one today der kleine Jimmy wird heute eins [o ein Jahr alt]; ( one o'clock) eins, ein Uhr;
    it's half past \one es ist halb zwei;
    we'll meet at \one in the pub wir treffen uns um eins im Pub
    PHRASES:
    a hundred [or million] [or thousand] and \one ( very many) hunderttausend;
    I can't stand around chatting - I've got a hundred and \one things to do this morning ich kann nicht hier herumstehen und tratschen - ich muss am Vormittag hunderttausend Dinge erledigen;
    \one thing and another ( fam) alles gemeinsam;
    what with \one thing and another she hadn't had much sleep recently da alles zusammenkam, bekam sie in letzter Zeit nicht sehr viel Schlaf;
    \one way or another [or the other] ( for or against) für oder gegen;
    there is no evidence \one way or the other about the effectiveness of the drug es gibt keinerlei Beweise über die Wirksamkeit oder Unwirksamkeit des Medikaments;
    ( any possible way) irgendwie;
    the bills have to be paid \one way or another die Rechnungen müssen irgendwie bezahlt werden;
    ( an unstated way) irgendwie;
    everyone at the party was related in one way or another auf der Party waren alle irgendwie miteinander verwandt pron
    1) ( single item) eine(r, s);
    four parcels came this morning, but only \one was for Mark heute Morgen kamen vier Pakete, aber nur eines war für Mark;
    which cake would you like? - the \one at the front welchen Kuchen möchten Sie? - den vorderen;
    I'd rather eat French croissants than English \ones ich esse lieber französische Croissants als englische;
    do you want \one? möchtest du eine/einen/eines?;
    \one or another [or the other] eine oder die andere, einer oder der andere, eines oder das andere;
    (not all instances fall neatly into \one or another of these categories) nicht alle Vorkommnisse fallen genau in eine dieser Kategorien;
    \one of sth eine(r, s) von etw dat + superl adj eine(r, s) der;
    electronics is \one of his hobbies die Elektronik ist eines seiner Hobbys;
    PolyGram is \one of the [world's] largest record companies PolyGram ist eine der führenden Plattenfirmen [der Welt];
    Luxembourg is \one of the [world's] smallest countries Luxemburg ist eines der kleinsten Länder [der Welt];
    Paula's had another \one of her crazy ideas Paula hatte noch eine ihrer verrückten Ideen;
    \one of many eine(r, s) von vielen;
    our organization is just \one of many charities unsere Organisation ist nur eine von vielen wohltätigen Vereinigungen;
    not a single \one kein einziger, keine einzige, kein einziges;
    this/that \one diese(r, s);
    which one do you want? - that \one, please! welche(n) möchten Sie? - diese(n) bitte!;
    these \ones were all made in Japan diese wurden alle in Japan hergestellt
    2) ( single person) eine(r);
    two could live as cheaply as \one zwei könnten so billig wie eine(r) leben;
    the \one der, die, das;
    Chris is the \one with curly brown hair Chris ist der/die mit den lockigen braunen Haaren;
    one's loved \ones ( one's family) jds Geliebte;
    my friends and loved \ones meine Freunde und meine Geliebten;
    to be \one to do sth jd sein, der etw tut;
    I've always been active and never really been \one to sit around doing nothing du warst immer sehr aktiv und bist nie wirklich untätig herumgesessen;
    to not [or never] be \one to say no to sth nie zu etw dat nein sagen können;
    he's never \one to say no to a curry er kann bei einem Curry nie nein sagen;
    to be [a] \one for sth ( fam) ein Fan einer S. gen sein;
    Jack's always been \one for the ladies Jack stand immer auf Frauen;
    I've never really been \one for football ich war nie ein wirklicher Fußballfan;
    to not be much of a \one for sth ( fam) etw nicht besonders mögen;
    I'm not much of a \one for chocolate ich mag Schokolade nicht besonders;
    to be [a] \one for doing sth ( fam) etw gerne machen;
    she was never a \one for playing hockey sie spielte nie gerne Hockey;
    to be a great \one for doing sth ( fam) gut darin sein, etw zu tun;
    he's a great \one for telling other people what to do er ist gut darin, anderen Leuten zu sagen, was sie machen sollen;
    to be \one that...;
    he's always been \one that enjoys good food ihm hat gutes Essen schon immer geschmeckt;
    to not be \one who... nicht zu denen gehören, die...;
    you're not usually \one who complains about the service in a restaurant du zählst nicht zu denen, die sich über das Service in einem Restaurant beschweren;
    such a \one ( someone remarkable)
    you never saw such a \one for figures er kann wirklich gut mit Zahlen umgehen;
    \one and all ( liter) alle;
    the news of his resignation came as a surprise to \one and all die Nachricht von seinem Rücktritt kam für alle überraschend;
    well done \one and all! gut gemacht, ihr alle!;
    like \one + pp
    Viv was running around like \one possessed before the presentation Viv lief vor der Präsentation wie besessen herum;
    \one of you/ them/us eine(r,) von euch/Ihnen/ihnen/uns;
    the money was here this morning so \one of you must have taken it das Geld war diesen Morgen hier; einer von euch muss es genommen haben;
    \one of our daughters has just got married eine unserer Töchter hat gerade geheiratet;
    \one of... + superl eine(r, s) der...;
    Luxembourg is \one of the [world's] smallest countries Luxemburg ist eines der kleinsten Länder [der Welt];
    \one of many eine(r, s) von vielen
    3) ( used in comparisons) eine(r, s);
    you may have \one or the other, but not both du kannst nur eines davon haben, nicht beide;
    crime and freedom are inseparable - you can't have \one without the other Verbrechen und Freiheit sind untrennbar verbunden - man kann nicht eines ohne das andere bekommen
    4) ((dated) form: any person) man;
    \one has an obligation to \one's friends man hat Verpflichtungen seinen Freunden gegenüber;
    (\one must admire him for his willingness) man muss ihn für seinen Willen bewundern
    5) (form: I, we) ich, wir;
    \one gets the impression that he is ahead ich glaube, er ist vorne;
    \one has to do \one's best ich muss mein [o wir müssen unser] Bestes geben
    6) ( question) Frage f;
    what's the capital of Zaire? - oh, that's a difficult \one wie heißt die Hauptstadt von Zaire? - das ist eine schwierige Frage
    7) (fam: alcoholic drink) Getränk nt;
    this \one's on me! diese Runde geht auf mich!;
    a cool \one after a day on the water ein kühles Getränk nach einem Tag am Wasser
    8) (fam: joke, story) Witz m;
    that was a good \one! der ist gut!;
    the \one about sb/ sth der [Witz] von jdm/etw;
    did I tell you the \one about the blind beggar? habe ich dir den [Witz] von dem blinden Bettler erzählt?
    9) (Brit, Aus) ((dated) fam: sb who is lacking respect, rude, or amusing)
    to be a \one eine(r) sein
    PHRASES:
    \one of the family zur Familie gehören;
    \one of a kind zur Spitze gehören;
    in the world of ballet she was certainly \one of a kind as a dancer in der Welt des Ballet zählte sie sicher zu den besten Tänzerinnen;
    \one at a time ( separately) eine nach der anderen, einer/eines nach dem anderen;
    don't gobble them up all at once - eat them \one at a time schling nicht alle auf einmal hinunter - iss sie langsam;
    \one or two ( fam) ein paar;
    I've only had \one or two cigarettes in my whole life ich habe nur ein paar Zigaretten in meinem ganzen Leben geraucht; ( hum)
    I hear you've collected over 1,000 autographs! - well, I do have \one or two ich habe gehört, du hast über 1.000 Autogramme gesammelt! - na ja, ich habe ein paar;
    in \ones and twos in geringer Zahl;
    we expected a flood of applications for the job, but we're only receiving them in \ones and twos wir erwarteten eine Flut von Bewerbungen, aber wir haben nur ein paar wenige bekommen;
    to land [or sock] sb \one [on the jaw] ( fam) jdm eine stecken [o schmieren] ( fam)
    \one after another [or the other] ( following one another in quick succession) eine nach der anderen, einer/eines nach dem anderen;
    \one after another the buses drew up die Busse kamen einer nach dem anderen;
    as \one ( form) einer Meinung;
    we have discussed the matter fully and are as \one on our decision wir haben die Angelegenheit gründlich erörtert und sind bei der Entscheidung einer Meinung;
    to be at \one with sb ( form) mit jdm einer Meinung sein;
    to be at \one with sth ( form) eins mit etw dat sein;
    they were completely at \one with their environment sie leben mit ihrer Umwelt völlig in Harmonie;
    \one by \one (separately and in succession, singly) nacheinander;
    sb for \one jd seinerseits;
    I for \one am getting a little sick of writing about it ich meinerseits habe es ein wenig satt, darüber zu schreiben;
    in \one ( in one draught) in einem Zug;
    she downed her whisky in \one sie trank ihren Whisky in einem Zug;
    to get sth in \one (fam: guess correctly at once) etw sofort erraten;
    so are you saying she's leaving him? - yep, got it in \one du sagst also, dass sie ihn verlässt? - ja, du hast es kapiert;
    [all] in \one [alles] in einem;
    with this model you get a radio, CD player and cassette deck [all] in \one dieses Modell enthält Radio, CD-Player und Kassettendeck in einem;
    to be/get \one up on sb jdn übertrumpfen;
    he's always trying to get \one up on his brother er versucht immer, seinen Bruder zu übertrumpfen;
    to be all \one to sb Chinesisch für jdn sein ( fam)
    Greek and Hebrew are all \one to me Griechisch und Hebräisch sind Chinesisch für mich

    English-German students dictionary > one

См. также в других словарях:

  • bore — bore1 [ bɔr ] verb * 1. ) transitive to make someone feel impatient or dissatisfied, especially by talking to them about things that are not very interesting: I hope I m not boring you. bore someone with something: I won t bore you with all the… …   Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

  • bore — I UK [bɔː(r)] / US [bɔr] verb Word forms bore : present tense I/you/we/they bore he/she/it bores present participle boring past tense bored past participle bored * 1) [transitive] to make someone feel impatient or dissatisfied, especially by… …   English dictionary

  • bore — 1. verb 1) the movie bored us Syn: stultify, pall on, stupefy, weary, tire, fatigue, send to sleep, leave cold; bore to death, bore to tears; informal turn off 2) bore a hole in the ceiling Syn: drill …   Thesaurus of popular words

  • such — 1 /sVtS/ predeterminer, determiner 1 used to talk about a person, thing etc which is of the same kind as that which has already been mentioned: Such behavior is just not acceptable in this school. | The rules make it quite clear what should be… …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

  • bore — I verb bore a hole Syn: drill, pierce, perforate, puncture, punch, tunnel, burrow, mine, dig, gouge, sink II 1. verb the television news bored Philip Syn: weary, pall on …   Synonyms and antonyms dictionary

  • bore / boar / boor —    A bore is a boring or tiresome person: Jasper is such a bore when he talks about his cats!    A boar is a male pig: Wild boars abound in this forest.    A boor is an unrefined, vulgar person: What a boor Guy was to get drunk at the wedding and …   Confused words

  • bore / boar / boor —    A bore is a boring or tiresome person: Jasper is such a bore when he talks about his cats!    A boar is a male pig: Wild boars abound in this forest.    A boor is an unrefined, vulgar person: What a boor Guy was to get drunk at the wedding and …   Confused words

  • bore / boar / boor —    A bore is a boring or tiresome person: Jasper is such a bore when he talks about his cats!    A boar is a male pig: Wild boars abound in this forest.    A boor is an unrefined, vulgar person: What a boor Guy was to get drunk at the wedding and …   Confused words

  • bore — bore1 [bôr] vt. bored, boring [ME boren < OE borian, to bore < bor, auger < IE base * bher , to cut with a sharp point > Gr * pharein, to split, L forare, to bore, ferire, to cut, kill] 1. to make a hole in or through with a drill or… …   English World dictionary

  • such — /such/, adj. 1. of the kind, character, degree, extent, etc., of that or those indicated or implied: Such a man is dangerous. 2. of that particular kind or character: The food, such as it was, was plentiful. 3. like or similar: tea, coffee, and… …   Universalium

  • Bore — Bore, n. [Icel. b[=a]ra wave: cf. G. empor upwards, OHG. bor height, burren to lift, perh. allied to AS. beran, E. 1st {bear}. [root]92.] (Physical Geog.) (a) A tidal flood which regularly or occasionally rushes into certain rivers of peculiar… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»